Taxation is a term for when a taxing authority, usually a government, levies or imposes a financial obligation on its citizens or residents. Paying taxes to governments or officials has been a mainstay of civilization since ancient times.
The term "taxation" applies to all types of involuntary levies, from income to capital gains to estate taxes. Though taxation can be a noun or verb, it is usually referred to as an act; the resulting revenue is usually called "taxes."
Before the Spanish era, the country built a sort of kingdom which is called Barangays and it is ruled by the Datus. Crops or goods are what they offer to the Datus as an exchange for protection and security. The Timawa or free men are the only one who pay the taxes because the Maharlikas and the Datus are the one who offer the protection. Slaves do not pay taxes because they lived to serve and the highest and lowest caste were exempted from tax payment.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD(900-1521)
*Government were called "barangays"
*No national government.
*There was no dati strong enough to unite the archipelago into one nation. Some barangays however united to form a confederation. It was headed by a ruler called datu or raja.
*Ancient Filipinos practiced paying taxes for the protection from their datu.
*The collected tax or tribute was called buwis or handug.
*The chieftain's family members were enjoying exemption from paying taxes.
*None-payment of taxes was already punishable during this period.
*Judicial process was influenced by religion and by waiting for the intervention of the deities. Datu served as the chief judge who was assisted by a group of elders in the barangay that acted as members of the jury.
*There were three classes:
1. Tumao - class includes Datu were the nobility of pure royal descent.
2. Timawa class- warrior class or the third rank of nobility and free men, neither chiefs nor slaves, required to render military service to the datu in hunts, land, war or sea raids.
They could acquire property, acquire any job they want, pick their own wives, and acquire an alipon. They were however expected to pay taxes, and support the Maginoo class. They are the only class to pay taxes,and hence their importance in the community.
3. Oripun class- (commoners and slaves), renders services to the tumao and timawa for debts or favors.
During the Spanish era, taxes were necessary. For two main purposes, all Spanish colonies in America and the Philippines were forced to pay taxes. First, as a declaration of Spain's Colonial Sovereignty. Second, to cover the costs of pacification (forcibly suppressing aggression within colonies) and subsequent governance. This is the state's power to enact and raise taxes for public purposes in order to improve the health of the people of a given society. One of the laws enacted by the Spanish crown in the Indies was the requirement that conquered people pay tribute in appreciation of Spanish rule. For several years, the Filipinos paid a tribute of eight reales (one peso) per year. It was raised to ten reales in 1589, then to twelve in 1851, before being abolished in 1884 and replaced by a personal cedula tax.
Taxes during the Spanish period was compulsory. All the Spanish Colonies in America and the Philippines were required to pay taxes for two reasons.
1. As recognition of Spain's Sovereignty over the Colonies.
2. To defray the expenses of pacification (The act of forcibly suppressing hostility within the colonies) and governance, thereafter.
Reference: T. (2020, March 29). Taxes During Spanish Period. The FAT Historian. https://tp3malit.wordpress.com/2020/03/29/taxes-during-spanish-period/?fbclid=IwAR17Sx5FksjnIW7NRu0pYGUBDyRYvLyajUYWT0zEEUqpYqu4NpHcAxVNttI
Today the American goose flock, 260 million strong, is hissing furiously over the nation’s federal tax system, and it is not hard to see why. The United States Internal Revenue Code takes up six inches of shelf space in two fat volumes. But that is not the half of it. Federal tax regulations, the Talmud, if you will, to the Torah of the tax code, takes up an additional foot of shelf space in eight volumes. Thousands of accountants and lawyers devote entire careers just to small portions of this behemoth, and no one could possibly know its entirety, not even the Internal Revenue Service. Indeed, it is estimated that one-third of the inquiries made to the IRS’s own 800 help line are answered incorrectly.
.
The Civil War led to the creation of the country's first income tax and the first version of the Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue—the earlier version of what we now call the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). This office took over the responsibility of collecting taxes from individual states. Excise taxes were also added to almost every commodity possible—alcohol, tobacco, gunpowder, tea.
The federal income tax as we know it was officially enacted in 1913, while corporate income taxes were enacted slightly earlier in 1909.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Mollitia neque assumenda ipsam nihil, molestias magnam, recusandae quos quis inventore quisquam velit asperiores, vitae? Reprehenderit soluta, eos quod consequuntur itaque. Nam.
Locked Safe
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Mollitia neque assumenda ipsam nihil, molestias magnam, recusandae quos quis inventore quisquam velit asperiores, vitae? Reprehenderit soluta, eos quod consequuntur itaque. Nam.
Submarine
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Mollitia neque assumenda ipsam nihil, molestias magnam, recusandae quos quis inventore quisquam velit asperiores, vitae? Reprehenderit soluta, eos quod consequuntur itaque. Nam.